Dry eye can have several causes that affect tear production, tear quality or tear evaporation. Common causes include:
Age: Tear production may decrease with age, making older adults more susceptible to dry eye.
Environmental factors: Exposure to wind, smoke and dry air, as well as extended screen time, can increase tear evaporation and contribute to dry eye symptoms.
Medical conditions: Conditions such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disorders and Sjögren’s syndrome can affect tear production and eye health.
Medications: Certain medications, including antihistamines, decongestants, antidepressants and some blood pressure medications, may reduce tear production.
Hormonal changes: Hormonal changes, particularly during pregnancy or menopause or while using oral contraceptives, may affect tear production.
Eyelid conditions: Incomplete eyelid closure and conditions such as blepharitis may interfere with the proper distribution of tears across the eye.
Reduced blinking: Prolonged activities such as reading, driving or using digital devices can reduce blinking frequency and increase tear evaporation. Extended contact lens wear may contribute to dry eye symptoms.
